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Law garden / Montana / How Tend decides

How Tend decides in Montana

The verified rules for Crime Victim Compensation Program (CVC), run by Montana Department of Justice, Office of Victim Services. Each rule shows its exact quote, where it was saved from, and what the law engine does with it.

Statute: MCA 53-9-101 to 53-9-133

In bloom41 rules verified from 16 sources. Research confidence: high.
Rules verified
41
Official sources
16
Used in decisions
23
Shown for information
17
Set aside, with a reason
1

How to check this page

  1. Every rule quotes a saved copy of an official page, word for word. The SHA-256 under each source is the fingerprint of that saved copy, so anyone can confirm the text has not changed.
  2. A checker keeps a rule only if its quote matches the saved text and every number in the rule appears in the quote.
  3. A normalizer turns the rules into the law IR. Rules about someone other than the survivor, or with nothing to compute, are set aside with a reason.
  4. The compiler turns the IR into bytecode. The listing below is that bytecode, with each block commented with the rule it came from. The same image runs on the server and in the browser.
What Tend could not find or verify
  • expense cap for counseling for primary victims (current amount not verified)
  • expense cap for lost wages as a dollar amount
  • relocation
  • security
  • minimum loss
  • insurance billing rule for the forensic exam

Montana has no fixed dollar cap on lost wages for employed victims; MCA 53-9-128(1) pays 66 2/3% of wages up to one-half the state's average weekly wage, and 53-9-128(7)(a) caps victims who were employable but not employed at $100 per week. ARM 23.15.306(3) limits primary-victim counseling to 12 consecutive months or $2,000 with extensions available, but the same rule's secondary-victim limit ($2,000) has been superseded by the statute ($5,000), and the DOJ page names no primary-victim cap, so I did not encode a primary-victim counseling cap. I found no relocation, security, or minimum-loss provision. Neither the statute nor FREPP pages say whether the survivor's insurance may be billed for the exam.

You should not be billed for the exam

MCA 46-15-406(2)MT-EXAM-1

Montana law lists it as a survivor's right not to be billed for the sexual assault forensic exam or the evidence kit collection. The statute does not say whether the survivor's insurance may be billed.

a victim may not be billed for the cost of administering the sexual assault medical forensic examination or collecting evidence for the sexual assault evidence kit

From MCA 46-15-406, Notice of rights for victims of sexual assault, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 032b6c48c6ef

Decides an exam bill is held, not counted, and you are told not to pay it.

Montana DOJ, FREPP pageMT-EXAM-2

When the state exam fund (FREPP) pays, the provider must take that as payment in full and cannot bill the survivor for the rest. Treatment of physical injuries from the assault is not part of the exam payment and may still be billed to the survivor (Crime Victim Compensation may cover it as a medical cost).

A healthcare provider must accept FREPP’s reimbursement rate as payment in full for covered services and may not submit any remaining balance to the survivor or commence civil actions against the survivor to recover the balance. Treatment of any physical injuries that may have occurred at the time of the sexual assault may still be billed to the survivor.

From Montana DOJ: Forensic Rape Examination Payment Program (FREPP), saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 0099b6db7d3c

Decides an exam bill is held, not counted, and you are told not to pay it.

Who pays for the exam

MCA 46-15-411(1)MT-EXAM-3

The local law enforcement agency pays for the exam when it directed the exam or uses the evidence.

The local law enforcement agency within whose jurisdiction an alleged incident of sexual intercourse without consent, sexual assault, or incest occurs shall pay for the sexual assault medical forensic examination of a victim of the alleged offense when the examination is directed by the agency or when evidence obtained by the examination is used for the investigation, prosecution, or resolution of an offense.

From MCA 46-15-411, Payment for medical evidence -- alleged sexual offenses, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 70579c0e13d0

Decides listed with a held exam bill as who should pay instead.

MCA 46-15-411(2)(a)MT-EXAM-4

Otherwise the Montana Department of Justice pays for the exam, as long as appropriated funds are available. This is how exams are paid when the survivor does not report to police.

The department of justice shall, as long as funds are available from an appropriation made for this purpose, pay for the sexual assault medical forensic examination of a victim of an alleged incident of sexual intercourse without consent, sexual assault, or incest if the cost is not the responsibility of a local law enforcement agency under subsection (1).

From MCA 46-15-411, Payment for medical evidence -- alleged sexual offenses, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 70579c0e13d0

Decides listed with a held exam bill as who should pay instead.

Montana DOJ, FREPP pageMT-EXAM-5

If the assault is not reported to police, the exam is paid by FREPP at the Montana Department of Justice, so a survivor can get an exam without reporting.

For cases that are not reported to law enforcement, the cost is paid by FREPP at the Montana Department of Justice.

From Montana DOJ: Forensic Rape Examination Payment Program (FREPP), saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 0099b6db7d3c

Decides listed with a held exam bill as who should pay instead.

Montana DOJ, FREPP pageMT-EXAM-6

FREPP pays providers up to $600 per exam, and only for exams done with a sexual assault evidence kit. The $600 is a limit on what the provider is paid; the provider cannot bill the survivor for the balance.

Exams administered without using a kit are not eligible. FREPP pays for the cost of a sexual assault exam up to a maximum of $600.

From Montana DOJ: Forensic Rape Examination Payment Program (FREPP), saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 0099b6db7d3c

Decides listed with a held exam bill as who should pay instead.

Costs the program covers

MCA 53-9-128(2)MT-COV-1

Reasonable doctor, hospital, and medicine costs for crime injuries are covered.

The claimant is entitled to be reimbursed for reasonable services by a physician or surgeon, reasonable hospital services and medicines, and other treatment approved by the office for the injuries suffered due to criminally injurious conduct.

From MCA 53-9-128, Compensation benefits, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 45901c949ca8

Decides medical care counts as a covered cost.

MCA 53-9-128(1)MT-COV-5

Lost wages are paid weekly when the injury causes a total loss of wages. The statute sets the weekly rate as a share of the victim's wages, capped at half the state's average weekly wage.

A claimant is entitled to weekly compensation benefits when the claimant has a total actual loss of wages due to injury as a result of criminally injurious conduct.

From MCA 53-9-128, Compensation benefits, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 45901c949ca8

Decides lost pay counts as a covered cost.

MCA 53-9-128(9)(c)MT-COV-6

For a minor victim of a sexual offense, the parent or guardian can get mileage at the IRS rate (subject to the statute's per-person limits).

the parent or guardian of a minor who is a victim of criminally injurious conduct involving a sexual offense and who is not entitled to receive services under Title 41, chapter 3, is entitled to: (i) claim benefits under subsection (1); (ii) mileage at the rate allowed by the internal revenue service for the current year;

From MCA 53-9-128, Compensation benefits, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 45901c949ca8

Decides travel counts as a covered cost.

Limits on a kind of cost

MCA 53-9-128(9)(e)MT-CAP-2

Counseling for secondary victims (certain family members, such as the parent or sibling of a minor sexual offense victim) is capped at $5,000 or 12 consecutive months per person, whichever comes first. This cap is for family members, not the primary victim.

Total payments made under subsections (9)(a) through (9)(d) may not exceed $5,000 or 12 consecutive months of treatment for each person, whichever occurs first.

From MCA 53-9-128, Compensation benefits, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 45901c949ca8

Set aside it applies only to secondary_victims. The engine does not check that, so it leaves this rule out of the math.

Total limit

Costs the program does not cover

Montana DOJ, CVC FAQMT-EXC-1

The program does not pay for stolen, damaged, or destroyed property (for example a phone). It may still pay for items such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, crutches, braces, and prosthetic devices.

No, the CVC program cannot pay for stolen, damaged, or destroyed property. CVC may pay for items such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, crutches, braces, and prosthetic devices.

From Montana DOJ: CVC Frequently Asked Questions, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 5d27c8dc6b99

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible BenefitsMT-EXC-4

Travel expenses are listed as ineligible. The statute does allow mileage for a parent or guardian of a minor sexual offense victim (listed separately as a covered transportation expense).

Non-medical expenses, like clothing, motels , travel expenses, or legal fees

From Montana DOJ Office of Victim Services: Crime Victim Compensation, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 704245ebc178

Decides travel is not covered.

Insurance and other payments come first

Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral SourcesMT-COL-2

The program is the payer of last resort, but it can pay deductibles and co-pays.

CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of private or government benefit program, you must submit your expenses to that collateral source before you submit them to the CVC program. CVC benefits can be paid for your out-of-pocket expenses, including any required deductible or co-payment.

From Montana DOJ Office of Victim Services: Crime Victim Compensation, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 704245ebc178

Decides insurance and other payments come off first.

Deadline to apply

MCA 53-9-125(1)MT-DEAD-2

For sexual offenses against minors, the deadline is 1 year after the report to police or child welfare, or 1 year after the victim turns 18, whichever is later.

Compensation in cases involving sexual offenses against minors may not be awarded unless the claim is filed with the office within 1 year after the day the criminally injurious conduct was reported to a law enforcement agency or an agency of the state responsible for provision of child welfare services, or within 1 year after the day the victim reaches 18 years of age, whichever occurs last.

From MCA 53-9-125, Limitations on awards, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 e6699f069a99

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Reporting to police

MCA 53-9-125(3)MT-REP-1

A report to a law enforcement officer is required, made within 72 hours, unless the office finds good cause for the delay or the case is a sexual offense against a minor. Good cause factors in the administrative rules include the reasonableness of the delay and physical or mental incapacity. The statute lists no alternative to a police report for adult survivors. The forensic exam itself does not require a report.

Compensation may not be awarded unless the criminally injurious conduct resulting in injury or death was reported to a law enforcement officer. The report must be made within 72 hours after its occurrence, except in a case involving a sexual offense against a minor or when the office finds there was good cause for the failure to report within that time.

From MCA 53-9-125, Limitations on awards, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 e6699f069a99

Decides a police report is required.

Address confidentiality program

Address Confidentiality Program page, eligibility listMT-ACP-1

Montana's Address Confidentiality Program, run by the DOJ Office of Victim Services, gives Montana residents who are victims of sexual assault, partner or family member assault, stalking, or human trafficking a substitute address and free confidential first-class mail forwarding. Survivors apply online or by mailing, emailing, or faxing the application with supporting documents, and a crime victim advocate can help.

Be a victim of partner or family member assault, sexual assault, stalking, human trafficking, or eligible to apply for an order of protection.

From Montana DOJ Office of Victim Services: Address Confidentiality Program, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 4dc021c1259a

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Claim records kept confidential

MCA 53-9-107(3)(a)MT-CONF-1

The compensation office's records are generally open to public inspection, but personal, medical, or similar information is exempt from disclosure when releasing it would be an unreasonable invasion of privacy, and confidential criminal justice information stays protected under the Montana Criminal Justice Information Act.

the following public records of the office are exempt from disclosure: (a) information of a personal nature, such as personal, medical, or similar information, if the public disclosure of the information would constitute an unreasonable invasion of privacy

From MCA 53-9-107: Public inspection and disclosure of office's records, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 e953d5309407

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

How to send a claim

Request a Claim Form, How to Request a Claim FormMT-SUB-1

Mail the signed and dated claim form to the Crime Victim Compensation Program, P.O. Box 201410, Helena, MT 59620-1410.

Crime Victim Compensation Program P.O. Box 201410 Helena, MT 59620-1410 Please note: Be sure your claim form is signed and dated before you mail to the CVC program.

From Montana DOJ: Request a Claim Form, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 42c61cbf1812

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Documents the program asks for

How long a decision takes

CVC FAQ, How long will it take to receive a decision on compensation benefits?MT-PROC-1

The program aims to decide eligibility within 60 days; it can take longer if requested information is slow to arrive.

The goal of the CVC program is to determine eligibility on a claim within 60 days.

From Montana DOJ: CVC Frequently Asked Questions, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 5d27c8dc6b99

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Emergency awards

MCA 53-9-126MT-EMER-1

A tentative award can be paid early when the claimant faces financial hardship and a final award looks likely. No set amount.

If the office determines that the claimant will suffer financial hardship unless a tentative award is made and it appears likely that a final award will be made, an amount may be paid to the claimant, to be deducted from the final award or repaid by and recoverable from the claimant to the extent that it exceeds the final award.

From MCA 53-9-126, Tentative award of compensation, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 70b9313c4bc0

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Who can apply

Where you live and where it happened

Montana DOJ, Request a Claim Form pageMT-RES-1

Anyone hurt by a crime in Montana can apply, including non-residents. Montana residents hurt elsewhere can apply only if that state or country's program does not cover non-residents.

Benefits may be awarded to: Non-residents injured in Montana. Montana residents injured in a state or country in which the victim compensation program does not compensate non-residents.

From Montana DOJ: Request a Claim Form, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 42c61cbf1812

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

How the program reviews a claim

MCA 53-9-125(7)MT-CON-1

An award may be reduced or denied in proportion to the victim's contribution to the injury.

Compensation may be denied or reduced if the victim contributed to the infliction of death or injury with respect to which the claim is made. Any reduction in benefits under this subsection must be in proportion to what the office finds to be the victim's contribution to the infliction of death or injury.

From MCA 53-9-125, Limitations on awards, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 e6699f069a99

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

MCA 53-9-125(4)MT-CON-2

An award may be denied or reduced if the claimant or victim does not fully cooperate with police and prosecutors.

The office, upon finding that the claimant or victim has not fully cooperated with appropriate law enforcement agencies or prosecuting attorneys, may deny or reconsider and reduce an award of compensation.

From MCA 53-9-125, Limitations on awards, saved Oct 3, 2026, SHA-256 e6699f069a99

Information Shown for information. The engine does not use it in the math.

Set aside

These rules are verified and quoted above, but the engine does not use them in the math. Each one says why.

  • MCA 53-9-128(9)(e)MT-CAP-2

    Counseling for secondary victims (certain family members, such as the parent or sibling of a minor sexual offense victim) is capped at $5,000 or 12 consecutive months per person, whichever comes first. This cap is for family members, not the primary victim.

    Why: it applies only to secondary_victims. The engine does not check that, so it leaves this rule out of the math.

    Normalizer note: applies_to "secondary_victims"

Compiled law

The engine compiles Montana's rules into a law image and runs it as bytecode. Rule ids in the listing link back to the rules above.

Verified rules SHA-256 4bd25991fd25c229b72d87000aa0ea36a5320ff21fbff1e3a0601a3dff6b0bac

Listing from
the engine's disassembler, tdis, when the site was built
Compiled by
tendc 1.3.0, image format 1.3
Contents
41 rules, 16 sources, 26 proofs, 2 ints, 261 strings
Compiled from these rules
Yes. The image names the same SHA-256 as the verified rules above.
Compiled from the current law IR
Yes. The image carries the SHA-256 of the IR shown on this page.
Image SHA-256
b05c0c2bc82c7d1f09f34d56d11f8aca8ff30292ca84be3f3a7339de3250feb2

Jump to: rule table, per-cost program, totals program, or download the listing.

; tend law image MT, Montana
; format 1.3, compiled by tendc 1.3.0
; source sha256 4bd25991fd25c229b72d87000aa0ea36a5320ff21fbff1e3a0601a3dff6b0bac
; image sha256  b05c0c2bc82c7d1f09f34d56d11f8aca8ff30292ca84be3f3a7339de3250feb2
; 41 rules, 16 sources, 26 proofs, 2 ints, 261 strings
; item program: 280 instructions, 1018 bytes, max stack 2
; aggregate program: 84 instructions, 269 bytes, max stack 2, 2 loops

.rules
    R0    MT-EXAM-1             exam_no_bill  -                                             MCA 46-15-406(2)
    R1    MT-EXAM-2             exam_no_bill  -                                             Montana DOJ, FREPP page
    R2    MT-EXAM-3             exam_payment  -                                             MCA 46-15-411(1)
    R3    MT-EXAM-4             exam_payment  -                                             MCA 46-15-411(2)(a)
    R4    MT-EXAM-5             exam_payment  -                                             Montana DOJ, FREPP page
    R5    MT-EXAM-6             exam_payment  -                                             Montana DOJ, FREPP page
    R6    MT-CAP-1              total_cap     -                                             Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Eligible Benefits
    R7    MT-CAP-3              expense_cap   funeral               per claim               MCA 53-9-128(4)
    R8    MT-COV-1              covered       medical                                       MCA 53-9-128(2)
    R9    MT-COV-2              covered       counseling                                    Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Mental Health Costs
    R10   MT-COV-3              covered       prescription                                  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Medical Costs
    R11   MT-COV-4              covered       dental                                        Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Medical Costs
    R12   MT-COV-5              covered       lost_wages                                    MCA 53-9-128(1)
    R13   MT-COV-6              covered       transportation                                MCA 53-9-128(9)(c)
    R14   MT-EXC-1              info          -                     excluded_expense        Montana DOJ, CVC FAQ
    R15   MT-EXC-2              excluded      clothing_bedding                              Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits
    R16   MT-EXC-3              excluded      temporary_housing                             Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits
    R17   MT-EXC-4              excluded      transportation                                Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits
    R18   MT-EXC-5              excluded      legal                                         Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits
    R19   MT-EXC-6              excluded      -                                             MCA 53-9-128(6)
    R20   MT-EXC-7              info          -                     excluded_expense        Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Wage Loss
    R21   MT-EXC-8              info          -                     excluded_expense        Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits
    R22   MT-DEAD-1             deadline      -                     from crime              MCA 53-9-125(1)
    R23   MT-DEAD-2             info          -                     filing_deadline         MCA 53-9-125(1)
    R24   MT-REP-1              reporting     -                                             MCA 53-9-125(3)
    R25   MT-COL-1              collateral    -                                             MCA 53-9-125(5)
    R26   MT-COL-2              collateral    -                                             Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources
    R27   MT-CON-1              info          -                     conduct_reduction       MCA 53-9-125(7)
    R28   MT-CON-2              info          -                     conduct_reduction       MCA 53-9-125(4)
    R29   MT-EMER-1             info          -                     emergency_award         MCA 53-9-126
    R30   MT-ELIG-1             info          -                     eligible_crime          Claim Form, Section C, Type of Crime
    R31   MT-RES-1              info          -                     residency               Montana DOJ, Request a Claim Form page
    R32   MT-SUB-1              info          -                     submission              Request a Claim Form, How to Request a Claim Form
    R33   MT-DOC-1              info          -                     required_document       CVC FAQ, Should I send in copies of medical bills along with the application?
    R34   MT-DOC-2              info          -                     required_document       CVC FAQ, Should I send in copies of medical bills along with the application?
    R35   MT-DOC-3              info          -                     required_document       Eligible Benefits, Wage Loss
    R36   MT-DOC-4              info          -                     required_document       Claim Form, Section G signature block
    R37   MT-PROC-1             info          -                     processing_time         CVC FAQ, How long will it take to receive a decision on compensation benefits?
    R38   MT-ACP-1              info          -                     address_confidentiality Address Confidentiality Program page, eligibility list
    R39   MT-CONF-1             info          -                     record_confidentiality  MCA 53-9-107(3)(a)
    R40   MT-CAP-2              skipped       -                     expense_cap             MCA 53-9-128(9)(e)  ; applies_to "secondary_victims"

.tags   pain_suffering=bit0

.sources
    S0    MT-S1       sha256 704245ebc1780184  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/crime-victim-compensation/
    S1    MT-S2       sha256 0099b6db7d3cbc25  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/sexual-assault-response-network/forensic-rape-examination-payment-program/
    S2    MT-S3       sha256 5d27c8dc6b99ae12  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/crime-victim-compensation/faq/
    S3    MT-S4       sha256 47b7f681aba97f9f  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/crime-victim-compensation/claim-process/
    S4    MT-S5       sha256 42c61cbf1812d3d1  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/crime-victim-compensation/request-claim-form/
    S5    MT-S6       sha256 4b36cede8f280cb9  https://dojmt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Crime-Victim-Compensation-Claim-Form-12-25.pdf
    S6    MT-S7       sha256 b1f4e6159f410a82  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0090/part_0010/section_0030/0530-0090-0010-0030.html
    S7    MT-S8       sha256 e6699f069a99de07  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0090/part_0010/section_0250/0530-0090-0010-0250.html
    S8    MT-S9       sha256 45901c949ca8a297  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0090/part_0010/section_0280/0530-0090-0010-0280.html
    S9    MT-S10      sha256 70b9313c4bc0018c  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0090/part_0010/section_0260/0530-0090-0010-0260.html
    S10   MT-S11      sha256 70579c0e13d05c65  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0460/chapter_0150/part_0040/section_0110/0460-0150-0040-0110.html
    S11   MT-S12      sha256 032b6c48c6ef2514  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0460/chapter_0150/part_0040/section_0060/0460-0150-0040-0060.html
    S12   MT-S13      sha256 fd9940f40bae8236  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/montana/Mont-Admin-r-23.15.103
    S13   MT-S14      sha256 cc609f0835e77398  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/montana/Mont-Admin-r-23.15.402
    S14   MT-S15      sha256 4dc021c1259ab4da  https://dojmt.gov/victim-services/address-confidentiality-program/
    S15   MT-S16      sha256 e953d530940728e1  https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0530/chapter_0090/part_0010/section_0070/0530-0090-0010-0070.html

.proofs
    P0    ()
    P1    (MT-EXAM-1, MT-EXAM-2, MT-EXAM-3, MT-EXAM-4, MT-EXAM-5, MT-EXAM-6)
    P2    (MT-EXC-6)
    P3    (MT-COV-1)
    P4    (MT-COV-1, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P5    (MT-COV-2)
    P6    (MT-COV-2, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P7    (MT-COV-5)
    P8    (MT-COV-5, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P9    (MT-EXC-4, MT-EXC-6)
    P10   (MT-EXC-4)
    P11   (MT-EXC-3, MT-EXC-6)
    P12   (MT-EXC-3)
    P13   (MT-EXC-2, MT-EXC-6)
    P14   (MT-EXC-2)
    P15   (MT-COV-3)
    P16   (MT-COV-3, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P17   (MT-COV-4)
    P18   (MT-COV-4, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P19   (MT-CAP-3)
    P20   (MT-CAP-3, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2)
    P21   (MT-EXC-5, MT-EXC-6)
    P22   (MT-EXC-5)
    P23   (MT-DEAD-1)
    P24   (MT-REP-1)
    P25   (MT-EXC-1, MT-EXC-7, MT-EXC-8, MT-DEAD-2, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2, MT-CON-1, MT-CON-2, MT-EMER-1, MT-ELIG-1, MT-RES-1, MT-SUB-1, MT-DOC-1, MT-DOC-2, MT-DOC-3, MT-DOC-4, MT-PROC-1, MT-ACP-1, MT-CONF-1)

.ints
    K0    1000000       ; $10,000.00
    K1    2500000       ; $25,000.00

.item
  0000        ldi      date
  0002        ldx      incident_date
  0004        lt
  0005        jnz      L0
  000a        ldi      date
  000c        ldx      as_of_date
  000e        gt
  000f        jnz      L0
  0014        ldi      expense
  0016        switch   19, default L21
                        case medical               -> L2
                        case forensic_exam         -> L1
                        case counseling            -> L7
                        case lost_wages            -> L12
                        case transportation        -> L17
                        case relocation            -> L21
                        case temporary_housing     -> L25
                        case security              -> L21
                        case crime_scene_cleanup   -> L21
                        case childcare             -> L21
                        case property_replacement  -> L21
                        case clothing_bedding      -> L29
                        case prescription          -> L33
                        case dental                -> L38
                        case funeral               -> L43
                        case legal                 -> L48
                        case tuition               -> L21
                        case other                 -> L21
                        case unknown               -> L21
  0068  L0:   push     0
  006d        decide   out_of_window, P0            ; (none)
  0071        ret
              ; MT-EXAM-1  MCA 46-15-406(2)  "a victim may not be billed for the cost of administering the..."
              ; MT-EXAM-2  Montana DOJ, FREPP page  "A healthcare provider must accept FREPP’s reimbursement rate..."
              ; MT-EXAM-3  MCA 46-15-411(1)  "The local law enforcement agency within whose jurisdiction an..."
              ; MT-EXAM-4  MCA 46-15-411(2)(a)  "The department of justice shall, as long as funds are available..."
              ; MT-EXAM-5  Montana DOJ, FREPP page  "For cases that are not reported to law enforcement, the cost is..."
              ; MT-EXAM-6  Montana DOJ, FREPP page  "Exams administered without using a kit are not eligible. FREPP..."
  0072  L1:   push     0
  0077        decide   held, P1                     ; MT-EXAM-1, MT-EXAM-2, MT-EXAM-3, MT-EXAM-4, MT-EXAM-5, MT-EXAM-6
  007b        ret
              ; MT-COV-1  MCA 53-9-128(2)  "The claimant is entitled to be reimbursed for reasonable..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  007c  L2:   push     0
  0081        str      r0
  0083        ldi      tags
  0085        push     1
  008a        and
  008b        jz       L3
  0090        ldr      r0
  0092        push     1
  0097        or
  0098        str      r0
  009a  L3:   ldr      r0
  009c        switch   2, default L5
                        case 0                     -> L5
                        case 1                     -> L4
  00aa  L4:   push     0
  00af        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  00b3        ret
  00b4  L5:   ldi      confirmed
  00b6        jnz      L6
  00bb        push     0
  00c0        decide   needs_confirmation, P3       ; MT-COV-1
  00c4        ret
  00c5  L6:   ldi      amount_cents
  00c7        decide   eligible, P4                 ; MT-COV-1, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  00cb        lda
  00cc        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  00ce        subs
  00cf        push     0
  00d4        max
  00d5        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  00d9        ret
              ; MT-COV-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Mental Health Costs  "Mental health counseling benefits are available for primary and..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  00da  L7:   push     0
  00df        str      r0
  00e1        ldi      tags
  00e3        push     1
  00e8        and
  00e9        jz       L8
  00ee        ldr      r0
  00f0        push     1
  00f5        or
  00f6        str      r0
  00f8  L8:   ldr      r0
  00fa        switch   2, default L10
                        case 0                     -> L10
                        case 1                     -> L9
  0108  L9:   push     0
  010d        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  0111        ret
  0112  L10:  ldi      confirmed
  0114        jnz      L11
  0119        push     0
  011e        decide   needs_confirmation, P5       ; MT-COV-2
  0122        ret
  0123  L11:  ldi      amount_cents
  0125        decide   eligible, P6                 ; MT-COV-2, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  0129        lda
  012a        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  012c        subs
  012d        push     0
  0132        max
  0133        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  0137        ret
              ; MT-COV-5  MCA 53-9-128(1)  "A claimant is entitled to weekly compensation benefits when the..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  0138  L12:  push     0
  013d        str      r0
  013f        ldi      tags
  0141        push     1
  0146        and
  0147        jz       L13
  014c        ldr      r0
  014e        push     1
  0153        or
  0154        str      r0
  0156  L13:  ldr      r0
  0158        switch   2, default L15
                        case 0                     -> L15
                        case 1                     -> L14
  0166  L14:  push     0
  016b        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  016f        ret
  0170  L15:  ldi      confirmed
  0172        jnz      L16
  0177        push     0
  017c        decide   needs_confirmation, P7       ; MT-COV-5
  0180        ret
  0181  L16:  ldi      amount_cents
  0183        decide   eligible, P8                 ; MT-COV-5, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  0187        lda
  0188        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  018a        subs
  018b        push     0
  0190        max
  0191        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  0195        ret
              ; MT-COV-6  MCA 53-9-128(9)(c)  "the parent or guardian of a minor who is a victim of criminally..."
              ; MT-EXC-4  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits  "Non-medical expenses, like clothing, motels , travel expenses..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  0196  L17:  push     0
  019b        str      r0
  019d        ldi      tags
  019f        push     1
  01a4        and
  01a5        jz       L18
  01aa        ldr      r0
  01ac        push     1
  01b1        or
  01b2        str      r0
  01b4  L18:  ldr      r0
  01b6        switch   2, default L20
                        case 0                     -> L20
                        case 1                     -> L19
  01c4  L19:  push     0
  01c9        decide   excluded, P9                 ; MT-EXC-4, MT-EXC-6
  01cd        ret
  01ce  L20:  push     0
  01d3        decide   excluded, P10                ; MT-EXC-4
  01d7        ret
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
  01d8  L21:  push     0
  01dd        str      r0
  01df        ldi      tags
  01e1        push     1
  01e6        and
  01e7        jz       L22
  01ec        ldr      r0
  01ee        push     1
  01f3        or
  01f4        str      r0
  01f6  L22:  ldr      r0
  01f8        switch   2, default L24
                        case 0                     -> L24
                        case 1                     -> L23
  0206  L23:  push     0
  020b        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  020f        ret
  0210  L24:  push     0
  0215        decide   unknown_rule, P0             ; (none)
  0219        ret
              ; MT-EXC-3  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits  "Non-medical expenses, like clothing, motels , travel expenses..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
  021a  L25:  push     0
  021f        str      r0
  0221        ldi      tags
  0223        push     1
  0228        and
  0229        jz       L26
  022e        ldr      r0
  0230        push     1
  0235        or
  0236        str      r0
  0238  L26:  ldr      r0
  023a        switch   2, default L28
                        case 0                     -> L28
                        case 1                     -> L27
  0248  L27:  push     0
  024d        decide   excluded, P11                ; MT-EXC-3, MT-EXC-6
  0251        ret
  0252  L28:  push     0
  0257        decide   excluded, P12                ; MT-EXC-3
  025b        ret
              ; MT-EXC-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits  "Non-medical expenses, like clothing, motels , travel expenses..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
  025c  L29:  push     0
  0261        str      r0
  0263        ldi      tags
  0265        push     1
  026a        and
  026b        jz       L30
  0270        ldr      r0
  0272        push     1
  0277        or
  0278        str      r0
  027a  L30:  ldr      r0
  027c        switch   2, default L32
                        case 0                     -> L32
                        case 1                     -> L31
  028a  L31:  push     0
  028f        decide   excluded, P13                ; MT-EXC-2, MT-EXC-6
  0293        ret
  0294  L32:  push     0
  0299        decide   excluded, P14                ; MT-EXC-2
  029d        ret
              ; MT-COV-3  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Medical Costs  "Prescription drugs Ambulance charges Dental treatment"
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  029e  L33:  push     0
  02a3        str      r0
  02a5        ldi      tags
  02a7        push     1
  02ac        and
  02ad        jz       L34
  02b2        ldr      r0
  02b4        push     1
  02b9        or
  02ba        str      r0
  02bc  L34:  ldr      r0
  02be        switch   2, default L36
                        case 0                     -> L36
                        case 1                     -> L35
  02cc  L35:  push     0
  02d1        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  02d5        ret
  02d6  L36:  ldi      confirmed
  02d8        jnz      L37
  02dd        push     0
  02e2        decide   needs_confirmation, P15      ; MT-COV-3
  02e6        ret
  02e7  L37:  ldi      amount_cents
  02e9        decide   eligible, P16                ; MT-COV-3, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  02ed        lda
  02ee        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  02f0        subs
  02f1        push     0
  02f6        max
  02f7        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  02fb        ret
              ; MT-COV-4  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Medical Costs  "Prescription drugs Ambulance charges Dental treatment"
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  02fc  L38:  push     0
  0301        str      r0
  0303        ldi      tags
  0305        push     1
  030a        and
  030b        jz       L39
  0310        ldr      r0
  0312        push     1
  0317        or
  0318        str      r0
  031a  L39:  ldr      r0
  031c        switch   2, default L41
                        case 0                     -> L41
                        case 1                     -> L40
  032a  L40:  push     0
  032f        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  0333        ret
  0334  L41:  ldi      confirmed
  0336        jnz      L42
  033b        push     0
  0340        decide   needs_confirmation, P17      ; MT-COV-4
  0344        ret
  0345  L42:  ldi      amount_cents
  0347        decide   eligible, P18                ; MT-COV-4, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  034b        lda
  034c        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  034e        subs
  034f        push     0
  0354        max
  0355        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  0359        ret
              ; MT-CAP-3  MCA 53-9-128(4)  "Reasonable funeral and burial expenses of the victim, not..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
  035a  L43:  push     0
  035f        str      r0
  0361        ldi      tags
  0363        push     1
  0368        and
  0369        jz       L44
  036e        ldr      r0
  0370        push     1
  0375        or
  0376        str      r0
  0378  L44:  ldr      r0
  037a        switch   2, default L46
                        case 0                     -> L46
                        case 1                     -> L45
  0388  L45:  push     0
  038d        decide   excluded, P2                 ; MT-EXC-6
  0391        ret
  0392  L46:  ldi      confirmed
  0394        jnz      L47
  0399        push     0
  039e        decide   needs_confirmation, P19      ; MT-CAP-3
  03a2        ret
  03a3  L47:  ldi      amount_cents
  03a5        decide   eligible, P20                ; MT-CAP-3, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2
  03a9        lda
  03aa        ldi      insurance_paid_cents
  03ac        subs
  03ad        push     0
  03b2        max
  03b3        seta     collateral, R25              ; MT-COL-1
  03b7        ret
              ; MT-EXC-5  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits  "Non-medical expenses, like clothing, motels , travel expenses..."
              ; MT-EXC-6  MCA 53-9-128(6)  "Compensation benefits are not payable for pain and suffering..."
  03b8  L48:  push     0
  03bd        str      r0
  03bf        ldi      tags
  03c1        push     1
  03c6        and
  03c7        jz       L49
  03cc        ldr      r0
  03ce        push     1
  03d3        or
  03d4        str      r0
  03d6  L49:  ldr      r0
  03d8        switch   2, default L51
                        case 0                     -> L51
                        case 1                     -> L50
  03e6  L50:  push     0
  03eb        decide   excluded, P21                ; MT-EXC-5, MT-EXC-6
  03ef        ret
  03f0  L51:  push     0
  03f5        decide   excluded, P22                ; MT-EXC-5
  03f9        ret

.aggregate
              ; MT-CAP-3  MCA 53-9-128(4)  "Reasonable funeral and burial expenses of the victim, not..."
  0000        push     0
  0005        str      r0
  0007        push     0
  000c        str      r1
  000e        each     funeral, L4
  0014  L0:   ldr      r1
  0016        jnz      L2
  001b        ldr      r0
  001d        lda
  001e        adds
  001f        ldk      K0                           ; $10,000.00
  0022        gt
  0023        jz       L1
  0028        ldk      K0                           ; $10,000.00
  002b        ldr      r0
  002d        subs
  002e        cap      expense_cap, R7              ; MT-CAP-3
  0032        push     1
  0037        str      r1
  0039  L1:   ldr      r0
  003b        lda
  003c        adds
  003d        str      r0
  003f        jmp      L3
  0044  L2:   push     0
  0049        cap      expense_cap, R7              ; MT-CAP-3
  004d  L3:   next     L0
              ; MT-CAP-1  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Eligible Benefits  "The CVC can pay up to $25,000 in benefits."
  0052  L4:   push     0
  0057        str      r0
  0059        push     0
  005e        str      r1
  0060        each     all, L9
  0066  L5:   ldr      r1
  0068        jnz      L7
  006d        ldr      r0
  006f        lda
  0070        adds
  0071        ldk      K1                           ; $25,000.00
  0074        gt
  0075        jz       L6
  007a        ldk      K1                           ; $25,000.00
  007d        ldr      r0
  007f        subs
  0080        cap      total_cap, R6                ; MT-CAP-1
  0084        push     1
  0089        str      r1
  008b  L6:   ldr      r0
  008d        lda
  008e        adds
  008f        str      r0
  0091        jmp      L8
  0096  L7:   push     0
  009b        cap      total_cap, R6                ; MT-CAP-1
  009f  L8:   next     L5
  00a4  L9:   push     0                            ; met
  00a9        check    minimum_loss, P0             ; (none)
              ; MT-DEAD-1  MCA 53-9-125(1)  "compensation may not be awarded unless the claim is filed with..."
  00ad        ldx      incident_date
  00af        push     365
  00b4        adds
  00b5        dup
  00b6        setdate
  00b7        ldx      as_of_date
  00b9        ge
  00ba        jz       L10
  00bf        push     0
  00c4        jmp      L11
  00c9  L10:  push     1                            ; late
  00ce  L11:  check    deadline, P23                ; MT-DEAD-1
              ; MT-REP-1  MCA 53-9-125(3)  "Compensation may not be awarded unless the criminally injurious..."
  00d2        ldx      police_report
  00d4        push     1                            ; yes
  00d9        eq
  00da        jnz      L13
  00df        ldx      police_report
  00e1        push     0                            ; no
  00e6        eq
  00e7        jnz      L12
  00ec        push     3
  00f1        jmp      L14
  00f6  L12:  push     1
  00fb        jmp      L14
  0100  L13:  push     0                            ; satisfied
  0105  L14:  check    reporting, P24               ; MT-REP-1
              ; MT-EXC-1  Montana DOJ, CVC FAQ  "No, the CVC program cannot pay for stolen, damaged, or destroyed..."
              ; MT-EXC-7  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Wage Loss  "CVC does not cover missed work due to mental impairment."
              ; MT-EXC-8  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Ineligible Benefits  "In-patient psychiatric care or chemical dependency counseling"
              ; MT-DEAD-2  MCA 53-9-125(1)  "Compensation in cases involving sexual offenses against minors..."
              ; MT-COL-1  MCA 53-9-125(5)  "Compensation otherwise payable to a claimant must be reduced or..."
              ; MT-COL-2  Montana DOJ, Crime Victim Compensation page, Insurance and Collateral Sources  "CVC is a payor of last resort. If you are covered by any kind of..."
              ; MT-CON-1  MCA 53-9-125(7)  "Compensation may be denied or reduced if the victim contributed..."
              ; MT-CON-2  MCA 53-9-125(4)  "The office, upon finding that the claimant or victim has not..."
              ; MT-EMER-1  MCA 53-9-126  "If the office determines that the claimant will suffer financial..."
              ; MT-ELIG-1  Claim Form, Section C, Type of Crime  "[ ] Adult Sexual Assault"
              ; MT-RES-1  Montana DOJ, Request a Claim Form page  "Benefits may be awarded to: Non-residents injured in Montana...."
              ; MT-SUB-1  Request a Claim Form, How to Request a Claim Form  "Crime Victim Compensation Program P.O. Box 201410 Helena, MT..."
              ; MT-DOC-1  CVC FAQ, Should I send in copies of medical bills along with the application?  "Yes, please send copies of the bills with your claim form."
              ; MT-DOC-2  CVC FAQ, Should I send in copies of medical bills along with the application?  "If applicable, submit a copy of your insurance explanation of..."
              ; MT-DOC-3  Eligible Benefits, Wage Loss  "Additional paperwork and verification are required to approve..."
              ; MT-DOC-4  Claim Form, Section G signature block  "Claimant must sign and date here before the claim will be..."
              ; MT-PROC-1  CVC FAQ, How long will it take to receive a decision on compensation benefits?  "The goal of the CVC program is to determine eligibility on a..."
              ; MT-ACP-1  Address Confidentiality Program page, eligibility list  "Be a victim of partner or family member assault, sexual assault..."
              ; MT-CONF-1  MCA 53-9-107(3)(a)  "the following public records of the office are exempt from..."
  0109        info     P25                          ; MT-EXC-1, MT-EXC-7, MT-EXC-8, MT-DEAD-2, MT-COL-1, MT-COL-2, MT-CON-1, MT-CON-2, MT-EMER-1, MT-ELIG-1, MT-RES-1, MT-SUB-1, MT-DOC-1, MT-DOC-2, MT-DOC-3, MT-DOC-4, MT-PROC-1, MT-ACP-1, MT-CONF-1
  010c        ret

Sources

Researcher notes

Total cap of $25,000 comes from the DOJ program page; the statute itself only caps death cases at $25,000 (MCA 53-9-128(5)). Reporting: adult survivors must report to law enforcement within 72 hours unless good cause is shown (ARM 23.15.103 lists factors such as the reasonableness of the delay and incapacity); there is no statutory alternative such as a forensic exam or advocate report. The exam itself does not require a report: unreported exams are paid by FREPP (MCA 46-15-411(2); DOJ FREPP page). ARM 23.15.402(1) (2005) says FREPP requires the exam within 72 hours and that the victim choose not to report; the current DOJ FREPP page does not repeat the 72-hour condition, so I left it out of the rules. MCA 46-15-411(3) and the FREPP page say treatment of physical injuries from the assault is not covered by the exam payment and may be billed to the survivor; CVC may still cover such medical costs under MCA 53-9-128(2). ARM rules were saved from Cornell LII because the Secretary of State ARM site is script-driven. Reviewer note: MCA 53-9-103(3)(b) and (6)(a) define criminally injurious conduct and victim in terms of bodily injury or death, while the DOJ page describes a primary victim as someone who suffered direct physical or emotional harm; a survivor without a physical injury should confirm eligibility with the office. MT-CAP-2 uses the non-standard param applies_to: secondary_victims; the $5,000 counseling cap does not apply to the primary victim under the statute. How to file: the only submission method the official sources state is mail to P.O. Box 201410, Helena, MT 59620-1410 (Request a Claim Form page; the 12-25 claim form also carries a postage-paid business reply panel). The OVS contact block lists fax (406) 444-5335 and an email address, but no source says claims may be filed by fax or email, and the email is obfuscated in the saved snapshot, so I did not add fax or email submission rules. There is no online filing; the page's online request only mails a blank form. The claim form PDF (MT-S6, Version 10/2025) has no AcroForm fields, so it is printed and filled by hand. The 60-day processing time is a stated goal, not a guarantee. Address confidentiality: the DOJ Office of Victim Services runs the Address Confidentiality Program (substitute address plus free confidential first-class mail forwarding); the program page lists sexual assault among the qualifying victimizations and requires Montana residency. Record confidentiality: MCA 53-9-107(1) makes the compensation office's records open to public inspection by default; only personal, medical, or similar information whose release would be an unreasonable invasion of privacy is exempt under 53-9-107(3)(a), and the party seeking disclosure carries the burden. This is weaker than a blanket confidentiality statute, so the app should not tell survivors their claim file is fully sealed. The 12-25 claim form's release language also says the program will keep confidential information it receives confidential.